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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Military Studies: Journal for Strategy, Technology and Defense Sciences</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">3126-3666</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">3126-3674</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>SAPCRAA</publisher-name>
        <publisher-loc>Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina</publisher-loc>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1547</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">https://doi.org/10.65932/military-studies-2025-1-1</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Optimization of torsion-bar geometry for armored vehicles in the 30-50 ton class under vibration fatigue on rough terrain</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Aydin</surname>
            <given-names>Emre</given-names>
          </name>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9452-0812</contrib-id>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>29</day>
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>3</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <fpage>9</fpage>
      <lpage>22</lpage>
      <self-uri xlink:href="https://www.sapcraa.com/article-preview/1547"/>
      <abstract>
        <p>Torsion-bar springs remain the dominant primary suspension element in tracked armored platforms of the 30–50 t class — CV90, Puma, K21, Namer, K9 — because they deliver the highest strain-energy density per unit mass of any single-component spring within the geometric constraints of an armored hull (Gomes et al., 2024a). Their dynamic life on cross-country terrain is, however, tightly coupled to two design variables whose individual effects are well understood but whose combined optimum has been only sparsely mapped in the open literature: the shoulder-fillet ratio r_f/d at the spline-to-active-length transition, and the active-to-shoulder diameter ratio D/d. This paper develops a coupled spectral-fatigue framework that combines a calibrated Pilkey-type shoulder-fillet stress-concentration model with the Tovo–Benasciutti spectral correction (Benasciutti &amp; Dirlik, 2021), an ISO 8608 displacement PSD (Lenkutis et al., 2021), and a single-degree-of-freedom wheel-station transfer function, and proposes a new dimensionless Geometric Fatigue-Efficiency Index (GFEI) that couples the stress-concentration penalty, the fillet geometry, the active-length slenderness and the bar mass into a single design-selection scalar. The framework is applied to ten parametric scenarios covering the 33–50 t combat-mass range and is validated against ten synthetic S-N points generated from the published Basquin parameters of five SCOPUS-indexed 2018–2024 fatigue studies on 51CrV4 / SAE 5160 spring steels, achieving Pearson r = 0.580, RMSE = 0.73 decades in log N, and a regression slope of 1.05 consistent with one-decade scatter typical of high-strength spring-steel S-N data (Gomes et al., 2024a; Saklakoglu et al., 2021). Results show that increasing r_f/d from the common-practice value of 0.05 to an optimum of 0.12–0.16 extends the cross-country service life by more than three orders of magnitude in the uncapped Basquin extrapolation, at a bar-mass penalty below 3 %, while lengthening the active length past 2.1 m yields diminishing GFEI gains below 5 % beyond the baseline. The original contribution of the paper is the GFEI index, which condenses the coupled geometric-fatigue trade-off into a single comparable scalar and enables direct designspace screening prior to full FE or field testing.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group kwd-group-type="author">
        <kwd>torsion bar</kwd>
        <kwd>armored vehicle</kwd>
        <kwd>fatigue life</kwd>
        <kwd>stress concentration</kwd>
        <kwd>ISO 8608</kwd>
        <kwd>cross-country terrain</kwd>
        <kwd>shoulder fillet</kwd>
        <kwd>narrow-band Miner</kwd>
        <kwd>GFEI</kwd>
        <kwd>51CrV4</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
